7. Costs of subcontracted work and other external costs

(in millions of euros)

2025

2024

Costs of subcontracted work

19

24

Cleaning costs

118

112

Maintenance work

101

100

Automation costs

275

251

Total

513

487

The costs of outsourced work relate to the execution of assignments to third parties that do not fall under the other headings within this category.

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